The Power of Teacher Reflection

Posted by: Rashmi Sethuram
Category: The Power of.....

“We do not learn from experience. We learn from reflecting on experience.” – John Dewey.

As an educator, this quote has resonated deeply with me, guiding my approach to teaching and learning. Reflection has indeed had a profound impact on my educational practices.

Let’s begin by unwrapping the meaning of the term ‘Reflection’. According to Dewey, an influential educational thinker, it is a systematic cognitive process that allows us to think back on and learn from our experiences.

For teachers, this entails reviewing the classroom environment, instructional strategies, learning resources and feedback mechanism, all with the aim of enhancing student learning.

I have heard many teachers express feeling stuck in a rut where they find themselves delivering lessons on auto-pilot mode. Amidst this challenge, reflective teaching emerges as a valuable practice where teachers actively engage in thinking, writing or speaking about their lessons as well as their teaching methods.

When we collect information regarding what went on in our classroom and take the time to analyse it from a distance, we can identify more than just what worked and what didn’t.


I’d like to recount an experience where I leveraged the power of reflection to enhance student learning outcomes.

While teaching the concept of ‘Rocks and Rock Cycle’ to Middle school students, I noticed that despite understanding the types of rocks and stages of the Rock Cycle, their deeper understanding and ability to apply this knowledge was lacking.

To address this, I leveraged the power of Reflection to help the students connect the theoretical aspects with real-world examples.

Process followed:

  1. Recall of teaching episodes: I compiled a list of teaching-learning steps and milestones covered thus far.
  2. Identification of patterns: I recalled significant reactions and responses from my students while teaching about types of rocks. I observed students’ interactions during group activities and their responses to questions. Some of the critical ones to address were:
  • “Ma’am, sometimes I get confused between sedimentary and metamorphic.”
  • “Hey, see this rock has layers so it has to be sedimentary rock.”
  • “This one is grey in colour, it can’t be marble for sure; it could be slate.”
  • “Sedimentary to metamorphic change is easy to understand but how can metamorphic rocks again turn into a sedimentary rock?”
  • “Can a sedimentary rock directly become an igneous rock or does it always first convert into metamorphic rock?”

All of this helped me realise two major areas of confusion among my students: first, in the physical identification of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks; and second, in comprehending the various paths rocks take during transformation.

  1. Adjustment of instruction: I engaged students in exploring simulations and creating detailed diagrams depicting the rock cycle processes. Using real rock samples in the classroom helped them grasp the differences between sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
  2. Assessment and Feedback: To assess the effectiveness of revised strategies, I used data from short quizzes, student reflections and monitored engagement. I also sought help from a colleague to analyse the data.
  3. Outcomes and Insights: I noticed students showed greater involvement and engagement, leading to a more accurate understanding of previously unclear areas.

This entire process reaffirmed my belief in the tremendous power of teacher reflection.

Let’s consider how teachers can incorporate reflection into their routines.

There are several simple yet effective tools for teachers to reflect on their teaching practices. I have personally utilised the five tools described below and found them immensely beneficial in enhancing my teaching strategies:

  • Journaling: I maintained a weekly journal to record thoughts, experiences and observations about classroom transactions.
  • Student feedback: I regularly solicited feedback from students through surveys, end of class reflection tickets and informal conversations to understand their perspectives.
  • Peer feedback: As part of the coaching structure, my coach visited my class once every two months, followed by a debrief.
  • Checklists: As a team, we prepared a brief checklist containing several crucial elements regarding student engagement, use of resources, clarity of instructions and formative assessment. I utilised this checklist regularly to reflect on my classes.
  • Video recording: I ensured that I record a lesson once in two months to self-assess various aspects of classroom interactions, the learning environment and my instructional methods.

These tools have been tried and tested, proving effective for teachers to incorporate reflection into their routines.

Given the demands on teachers’ time, it is vital to create opportunities for reflection with the school schedule. Establishing a reflective culture requires commitment from the leadership team and a supportive environment in the school community.

So, what can school leaders do to foster a conducive environment?

Well, to start with, they must encourage open dialogue and model reflective practices themselves. Implementing structures such as regular team meetings, peer observations, and feedback sessions is highly beneficial for facilitating the process of reflection. These collaborative learning opportunities allow teachers to gain insights on leveraging tools for reflection. Additionally, leaders must recognise and celebrate reflective practices, creating a supportive atmosphere where teachers feel safe to share and reflect on their experiences and teaching methods.

Kritika Mahajan
Sr. Coordinator, Training and Teacher Support
The Teacher Foundation

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